ippm

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)                  S. Bhandari, Ed.
Internet-Draft
Request for Comments: 9486                                   Thoughtspot
Intended status:
Category: Standards Track                              F. Brockners, Ed.
Expires: 8 November 2023
ISSN: 2070-1721                                                    Cisco
                                                              7 May
                                                          September 2023

                        In-situ OAM

  IPv6 Options
                  draft-ietf-ippm-ioam-ipv6-options-12 for In Situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance
                                 (IOAM)

Abstract

   In-situ

   In situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM) records
   operational and telemetry information in the packet while the packet
   traverses a path between two points in the network.  This document
   outlines how IOAM data fields Data-Fields are encapsulated in IPv6.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents an Internet Standards Track document.

   This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
   (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list  It represents the consensus of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid the IETF community.  It has
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   Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG).  Further information on
   Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of six months RFC 7841.

   Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
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   This Internet-Draft will expire on 8 November 2023.
   https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9486.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
     2.1.  Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
     2.2.  Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  In-situ  In situ OAM Metadata Transport in IPv6  . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   4.  IOAM Deployment In in IPv6 Networks  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     4.1.  Considerations for IOAM deployment Deployment and implementation Implementation in
           IPv6 networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5 Networks
     4.2.  IOAM domains bounded  IOAM-Domains Bounded by hosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6 Hosts
     4.3.  IOAM domains bounded  IOAM-Domains Bounded by network devices . . . . . . . . .   7 Network Devices
   5.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     5.1.  Applicability of AH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8 Authentication Header (AH)
   6.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   7.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     7.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     7.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   Contributors  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   Contributors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12

1.  Introduction

   In-situ

   In situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM) records
   operational and telemetry information in the packet while the packet
   traverses a path between two points in the network.  IOAM concepts
   and associated nomenclature, nomenclature as well as IOAM data fields Data-Fields are defined
   in [RFC9197].  This document outlines how IOAM data fields Data-Fields are
   encapsulated in IPv6 [RFC8200] and discusses deployment requirements
   for networks that use IPv6-encapsulated IOAM data fields. Data-Fields.

   The terms "encapsulation" and "decapsulation" are used in this
   document in the same way as in [RFC9197]: An IOAM encapsulating node
   incorporates one or more IOAM-Option-Types IOAM Option-Types into packets.  An packets that IOAM
   decapsulating node removes IOAM-Option-Type(s) from packets. is
   enabled for.

2.  Conventions

2.1.  Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
   BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

2.2.  Abbreviations

   Abbreviations used in this document:

   E2E:       Edge-to-Edge

   IOAM:      In-situ      In situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance as
              defined in [RFC9197]

   OAM:       Operations, Administration, and Maintenance

   POT:       Proof of Transit

3.  In-situ  In situ OAM Metadata Transport in IPv6

   IOAM in IPv6 is used to enhance diagnostics of IPv6 networks.  It
   complements other mechanisms designed to enhance diagnostics of IPv6
   networks, such as the IPv6 "IPv6 Performance and Diagnostic Metrics (PDM)
   Destination Option Option" described in [RFC8250].

   At the time this document was written, several implementations of
   IOAM for IPv6 exist, e.g., IOAM for IPv6 in the Linux Kernel
   (supported from Kernel version 5.15 onwards onward, IPv6 IOAM in Linux Kernel
   (https://github.com/torvalds/linux/
   commit/7c804e91df523a37c29e183ea2b10ac73c3a4f3d)),
   commit/7c804e91df523a37c29e183ea2b10ac73c3a4f3d)) and IOAM for IPv6
   in
   VPP (https://docs.fd.io/vpp/17.04/ioam_ipv6_doc.html). Vector Packet Processing (VPP) (https://docs.fd.io/vpp/17.04/
   ioam_ipv6_doc.html).

   IOAM data fields Data-Fields can be encapsulated with two types of extension
   headers in IPv6 packets - -- either the hop-by-hop options header or
   the destination options header.  Multiple options with the same
   option type MAY appear in the same hop-by-hop options or destination
   options
   header, header with distinct content.

   An IPv6 packet carrying IOAM data in an extension header can have
   other extension headers, compliant with [RFC8200].

   IPv6 hop-by-hop and destination option format for carrying IOAM data
   fields:

   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |  Option Type  Option-Type  |  Opt Data Len |   Reserved    | IOAM-Opt-Type IOAM Opt-Type |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+<-+
   |                                                               |  |
   .                                                               .  I
   .                                                               .  O
   .                                                               .  A
   .                                                               .  M
   .                                                               .  .
   .                          Option Data                          .  O
   .                                                               .  P
   .                                                               .  T
   .                                                               .  I
   .                                                               .  O
   .                                                               .  N
   |                                                               |  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+<-+

        Figure 1: IPv6 Hop-by-Hop and Destination Option Type: Format for
                         Carrying IOAM Data- Fields

   Option-Type:  8-bit option type identifier as defined in Section 6.

   Opt Data Len:  8-bit unsigned integer.  Length of this option, in
      octets, not including the first 2 octets.

   Reserved:  8-bit field MUST be set to zero by the source.

   IOAM-Option-Type:

   IOAM Option-Type:  Abbreviated to "IOAM-Opt-Type" "IOAM Opt-Type" in the diagram
      above: 8-bit field as defined in section Section 4.1 of [RFC9197].

   Option Data:  Variable-length field.  Option-Type-specific data.

   IOAM Option  The data is inserted specific to the
      Option-Type, as follows:

   1. detailed below.

      Pre-allocated Trace Option:  The IOAM Preallocated Pre-allocated Trace Option-
       Type
         Type, defined in Section 4.4 of [RFC9197] [RFC9197], is represented as an
         IPv6 option in the hop-by-hop extension header:

       Option Type:  TBD_1_1 8-bit

         Option-Type:  0x31 (8-bit identifier of the IPv6 Option Type Option-Type
            for IOAM. IOAM).

         IOAM Type:  IOAM Pre-allocated Trace Option-Type.

   2.

      Proof of Transit Option: Option-Type:  The IOAM POT Option-Type Option-Type, defined
         in Section 4.5 of [RFC9197] [RFC9197], is represented as an IPv6 option
         in the hop-by-hop extension header:

       Option Type:  TBD_1_1 8-bit

         Option-Type:  0x31 (8-bit identifier of the IPv6 Option Type Option-Type
            for IOAM. IOAM).

         IOAM Type:  IOAM POT Option-Type.

   3.  Edge to Edge

      Edge-to-Edge Option:  The IOAM E2E option Option, defined in Section 4.6
       [RFC9197]
         of [RFC9197], is represented as an IPv6 option in destination
         extension header:

       Option Type:  TBD_1_0 8-bit

         Option-Type:  0x11 (8-bit identifier of the IPv6 Option Type Option-Type
            for IOAM. IOAM).

         IOAM Type:  IOAM E2E Option-Type.

   4.

      Direct Export (DEX) Option:  The IOAM Direct Export Option-Type Option-Type,
         defined in Section 3.2 of [RFC9326] [RFC9326], is represented as an IPv6
         option in the hop-by-hop extension header:

       Option Type:  TBD_1_0 8-bit

         Option-Type:  0x11 (8-bit identifier of the IPv6 Option Type Option-Type
            for IOAM. IOAM).

         IOAM Type:  IOAM Direct Export (DEX) Option-Type.

   All the IOAM IPv6 options defined here have alignment requirements.
   Specifically, they all require 4n alignment. alignment on multiples of 4 bytes.
   This ensures that fields specified in [RFC9197] are aligned at a
   multiple-of-4 offset from the start of the hop-by-hop and destination
   options header.

   IPv6 options can have a maximum length of 255 octets.  Consequently,
   the total length of IOAM Option-Types including all data fields is
   also limited to 255 octets when encapsulated into IPv6.

4.  IOAM Deployment In in IPv6 Networks

4.1.  Considerations for IOAM deployment Deployment and implementation Implementation in IPv6
      networks
      Networks

   IOAM deployments in IPv6 networks MUST take the following
   considerations and requirements into account:

   C1 account.

   C1:  IOAM MUST be deployed in an IOAM-Domain.  An IOAM-Domain is a
        set of nodes that use IOAM.  An IOAM-Domain is bounded by its
        perimeter or edge.  The set of nodes forming an IOAM-Domain may
        be connected to the same physical infrastructure (e.g., a
        service provider's network).  They may also be remotely
        connected to each other (e.g., an enterprise VPN or an overlay).
        It is expected that all nodes in an IOAM-Domain are managed by
        the same administrative entity.  Please refer to [RFC9197]) [RFC9197] for
        more details on IOAM-Domains.

   C2

   C2:  Implementations of IOAM MUST ensure that the addition of IOAM
      data fields
        Data-Fields does not alter the way routers forward packets or
        the forwarding decisions they make.  Packets with added IOAM
        information must follow the same path within the domain as an
        identical packet without IOAM information would, even in the
        presence of Equal-Cost Multi-Path Multipath (ECMP).  This behavior is
        important for deployments where IOAM data fields Data-Fields are only added
        "on-demand".  Implementations of IOAM MUST ensure that ECMP
        behavior for packets with and without IOAM data fields Data-Fields is the
        same.  In order for IOAM to work in IPv6 networks, IOAM MUST be
        explicitly enabled per interface on every node within the IOAM
      domain. IOAM-
        Domain.  Unless a particular interface is explicitly enabled
        (i.e., explicitly configured) for IOAM, a router MUST ignore
        IOAM Options.

   C3

   C3:  In order to maintain the integrity of packets in an IOAM domain, IOAM-Domain,
        the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) of transit routers and
        switches must be configured to a value that does not lead to an
      ICMP
        "ICMP Packet Too Big Big" error message being sent to the originator
        and the packet being dropped.  The PMTU tolerance range must be
      identified
        identified, and IOAM encapsulation operations or data field
        insertion must not exceed this range.  Control of the MTU is
        critical to the proper operation of IOAM.  The PMTU tolerance
        must be identified through configuration configuration, and IOAM operations
        must not exceed the packet size beyond PMTU.

   C4

   C4:  [RFC8200] precludes insertion of IOAM data directly into the
        original IPv6 header of in-flight packets.  IOAM deployments which
        that do not encapsulate/decapsulate IOAM on the host but desire
        to encapsulate/decapsulate IOAM on transit nodes MUST add an
        additional IPv6 header to the original packet.  IOAM data is
        added to this additional IPv6 header.

4.2.  IOAM domains bounded  IOAM-Domains Bounded by hosts Hosts

   For deployments where the IOAM domain IOAM-Domain is bounded by hosts, hosts will
   perform the operation of IOAM data field Data-Field encapsulation and
   decapsulation, i.e., hosts will place the IOAM data fields Data-Fields directly
   in the IPv6 header or remove the IOAM data fields Data-Fields directly from the
   IPv6 header.  IOAM data is carried in IPv6 packets as hop-by-hop or
   destination options as specified in this document.

4.3.  IOAM domains bounded  IOAM-Domains Bounded by network devices Network Devices

   For deployments where the IOAM domain IOAM-Domain is bounded by network devices,
   network devices such as routers form the edge of an IOAM domain. IOAM-Domain.
   Network devices will perform the operation of IOAM data field Data-Field
   encapsulation and decapsulation.  Network devices will encapsulate
   IOAM data fields Data-Fields in an additional, outer, IPv6 header which that carries
   the IOAM data fields. Data-Fields.

5.  Security Considerations

   This document describes the encapsulation of IOAM data fields Data-Fields in
   IPv6.  For general IOAM security considerations, see [RFC9197].
   Security considerations of the specific IOAM data fields Data-Fields for each
   case (i.e., Trace, Proof of Transit, POT, and E2E) are also described and defined in
   [RFC9197].

   As this document describes new options for IPv6, the security
   considerations of [RFC8200] and [RFC8250] apply.

   From a network-protection perspective, there is an assumed trust
   model such that any node that adds IOAM to a packet, removes IOAM
   from a packet, or modifies IOAM data fields Data-Fields of a packet is assumed to
   be allowed to do so.  By default, packets that include IPv6 extension
   headers with IOAM information MUST NOT be leaked through the
   boundaries of the IOAM-Domain.

   IOAM-Domain boundary routers MUST filter any incoming traffic from
   outside the IOAM-Domain that contains IPv6 extension headers with
   IOAM information.  IOAM-Domain boundary routers MUST also filter any
   outgoing traffic leaving the IOAM-Domain that contains IPv6 extension
   headers with IOAM information.

   In the general case, an IOAM node only adds, removes, or modifies an
   IPv6 extension header with IOAM information, if the directive to do
   so comes from a trusted source and the directive is validated.

   Problems may occur if the above behaviors are not implemented or if
   the assumed trust model is violated (e.g., through a security
   breach).  In addition to the security considerations discussed in
   [RFC9197], the security considerations associated with IPv6 extension
   headers listed in [RFC9098] apply.

5.1.  Applicability of AH Authentication Header (AH)

   The network devices in an IOAM-Domain are trusted to add, update update, and
   remove IOAM options according to the constraints specified in
   [RFC8200].  IOAM domain  IOAM-Domain does not rely on the Authentication Header
   (AH) AH as defined in
   [RFC4302] to secure IOAM options.  The use of IOAM options with AH
   and its processing is are not defined in this document.  Future
   documents may define the use of IOAM with AH and its processing.

6.  IANA Considerations

   This draft requests

   IANA has assigned the following IPv6 Option Type assignments Option-Types from the destination options "Destination Options
   and hop-by-hop options sub-registry Hop-by-Hop Options" subregistry of
   Internet "Internet Protocol Version 6
   (IPv6) Parameters.

   http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv6-parameters/ipv6-
   parameters.xhtml#ipv6-parameters-2 Parameters" <https://www.iana.org/assignments/
   ipv6-parameters/>.

       +=======+===================+===================+===========+
       | Hex Value   | Binary Value      | Description       | Reference |
       | Value +=====+=====+=======+                   |           |
       |       | act | chg | rest
      ------------------------------------------------------------------
      TBD_1_0  |                   |           |
       +=======+=====+=====+=======+===================+===========+
       | 0x11  | 00  | 0  TBD_1   | 10001 | IOAM                   [This draft]
                                     destination option Destination  | RFC 9486  |
       |       |     |     |       | Option and IOAM hop-by-hop option
      TBD_1_1   |           |
       |       |     |     |       | Hop-by-Hop Option |           |
       +-------+-----+-----+-------+-------------------+-----------+
       | 0x31  | 00  | 1  TBD_1   | 10001 | IOAM                   [This draft]
                                     destination option Destination  | RFC 9486  |
       |       |     |     |       | Option and IOAM hop-by-hop option   |           |
       |       |     |     |       | Hop-by-Hop Option |           |
       +-------+-----+-----+-------+-------------------+-----------+

                                  Table 1

7.  References

7.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

   [RFC9197]  Brockners, F., Ed., Bhandari, S., Ed., and T. Mizrahi,
              Ed., "Data Fields for In Situ Operations, Administration,
              and Maintenance (IOAM)", RFC 9197, DOI 10.17487/RFC9197,
              May 2022, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9197>.

   [RFC9326]  Song, H., Gafni, B., Brockners, F., Bhandari, S., and T.
              Mizrahi, "In Situ Operations, Administration, and
              Maintenance (IOAM) Direct Exporting", RFC 9326,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC9326, November 2022,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9326>.

7.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.kitamura-ipv6-record-route]

   [IPV6-RECORD-ROUTE]
              Kitamura, H., "Record Route for IPv6 (PR6) (RR6) Hop-by-Hop
              Option Extension", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft,
              draft-kitamura-ipv6-record-route-00, 17 November 2000,
              <https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-kitamura-ipv6-record-
              route-00.txt>.
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-kitamura-
              ipv6-record-route-00>.

   [RFC4302]  Kent, S., "IP Authentication Header", RFC 4302,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4302, December 2005,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4302>.

   [RFC8200]  Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
              (IPv6) Specification", STD 86, RFC 8200,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8200, July 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8200>.

   [RFC8250]  Elkins, N., Hamilton, R., and M. Ackermann, "IPv6
              Performance and Diagnostic Metrics (PDM) Destination
              Option", RFC 8250, DOI 10.17487/RFC8250, September 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8250>.

   [RFC9098]  Gont, F., Hilliard, N., Doering, G., Kumari, W., Huston,
              G., and W. Liu, "Operational Implications of IPv6 Packets
              with Extension Headers", RFC 9098, DOI 10.17487/RFC9098,
              September 2021, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9098>.

Acknowledgements

   The authors would like to thank Tom Herbert, Eric Éric Vyncke, Nalini
   Elkins, Srihari Raghavan, Ranganathan T S, Karthik Babu Harichandra
   Babu, Akshaya Nadahalli, Stefano Previdi, Hemant Singh, Erik
   Nordmark, LJ Wobker, Mark Smith, Andrew Yourtchenko Yourtchenko, and Justin
   Iurman for the comments and advice.  For the IPv6 encapsulation, this
   document leverages concepts described in
   [I-D.kitamura-ipv6-record-route]. [IPV6-RECORD-ROUTE].  The
   authors would like to acknowledge the work done by the author Hiroshi
   Kitamura and people involved in writing it.

Contributors

   This document was the collective effort of several authors.  The text
   and content were contributed by the editors and the co-authors coauthors listed
   below.  The contact information of the co-authors appears at the end
   of this document.

   *  Carlos Pignataro

   *  Hannes Gredler

   *  John Leddy

   *  Stephen Youell

   *  Tal Mizrahi

   *  Aviv Kfir

   *  Barak Gafni

   *  Petr Lapukhov

   *  Mickey Spiegel

   *  Suresh Krishnan

   *  Rajiv Asati

   *  Mark Smith

Contributors' Addresses

   Carlos Pignataro
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   7200-11 Kit Creek Road
   Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
   United States of America
   Email: cpignata@cisco.com

   Hannes Gredler
   RtBrick Inc.
   Email: hannes@rtbrick.com

   John Leddy
   Email: john@leddy.net

   Stephen Youell
   JP Morgan Chase
   25 Bank Street
   London
   E14 5JP
   United Kingdom
   Email: stephen.youell@jpmorgan.com

   Tal Mizrahi
   Huawei Network.IO Innovation Lab
   Israel
   Email: tal.mizrahi.phd@gmail.com

   Aviv Kfir
   Mellanox Technologies, Inc.
   350 Oakmead Parkway, Suite 100
   Sunnyvale, CA 94085
      U.S.A.
   United States of America
   Email: avivk@mellanox.com

   Barak Gafni
   Mellanox Technologies, Inc.
   350 Oakmead Parkway, Suite 100
   Sunnyvale, CA 94085
      U.S.A.
   United States of America
   Email: gbarak@mellanox.com

   Petr Lapukhov
   Facebook
   1 Hacker Way
   Menlo Park, CA 94025
      US
   United States of America
   Email: petr@fb.com

   Mickey Spiegel
   Barefoot Networks, an Intel company
   4750 Patrick Henry Drive
   Santa Clara, CA 95054
      US
   United States of America
   Email: mickey.spiegel@intel.com

   Suresh Krishnan
   Kaloom
   Email: suresh@kaloom.com

   Rajiv Asati
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   7200 Kit Creek Road
   Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
      US
   United States of America
   Email: rajiva@cisco.com

   Mark Smith
   PO BOX 521
      HEIDELBERG,
   Heidelberg VIC 3084
      AU
   Australia
   Email: markzzzsmith+id@gmail.com

Authors' Addresses

   Shwetha Bhandari (editor)
   Thoughtspot
   3rd Floor, Indiqube Orion, Orion
   24th Main Rd, Garden Layout, HSR Layout
   Bangalore, KARNATAKA
   Bangalore 560 102
   Karnataka
   India
   Email: shwetha.bhandari@thoughtspot.com

   Frank Brockners (editor)
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   Hansaallee 249, 3rd Floor
   40549 DUESSELDORF Duesseldorf
   Germany
   Email: fbrockne@cisco.com