DHC Working Group                                                  T. Li
Internet-Draft                                                    C. Liu
Intended status: Standards Track                                  Y. Cui
Expires: July 29, October 2, 2017                             Tsinghua University
                                                        January 25,
                                                          March 31, 2017

                    DHCPv6 Prefix Length Hint Issues
           draft-ietf-dhc-dhcpv6-prefix-length-hint-issue-05
           draft-ietf-dhc-dhcpv6-prefix-length-hint-issue-06

Abstract

   DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation (RFC3633) allows a client to include a
   prefix-length hint value in the IA_PD option to indicate a preference
   for the size of the prefix to be delegated, but is unclear about how
   the client and server should act in different situations involving
   the prefix-length hint.  This document provides a summary of the
   existing problems with the prefix-length hint and guidance on what
   the client and server could do in different situations.

Status of This Memo

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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  Problem Description and Proposed Solutions  . . . . . . . . .   3
     3.1.  Creation of Solicit Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     3.2.  Receipt of Solicit message  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.3.  Receipt of Advertise Message  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     3.4.  Creation of Renew/Rebind Message  . . . . . . . . . . . .   5   6
     3.5.  Receipt of Renew/Rebind Message . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     3.6.  General Recommendation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   4.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   5.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   6.  Contributors List  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   7.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9

1.  Introduction

   DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation [RFC3633] allows a client to include a
   prefix-length hint value in the message sent to the server, to
   indicate a preference for the size of the prefix to be delegated.  A
   prefix-length hint is communicated by a client to the server by
   including an IA_PD Prefix Option (IAPREFIX option), encapsulated in
   an IA_PD option, with the "IPv6 prefix" field set to zero and the
   "prefix-length" field set to a non-zero value.  The servers are free
   to ignore the prefix-length hint values depending on server policy.
   However, some clients may not be able to function (or only in a
   degraded state) when they're provided with a prefix which whose length is
   different from what they requested.  E.g.  If the client is asking
   for a /56 and the server returns a /64, the functionality of the
   client might be limited because it might not be able to split the
   prefix for all its interfaces.  For other hints, such as requesting
   for an explicit address, this might be less critical as it just helps
   a client that wishes to continue using what it used last time.  The
   prefix-length hint directly impacts the operational capability of the
   client, thus should be given more consideration.

   [RFC3633] is unclear about how the client and server should act in
   different situations involving the prefix-length hint.  From the
   client perspective, it should be able to use the prefix-length hint
   to signal to the server its real time need and it should be able to
   handle prefixes with lengths different from the prefix-length hint.
   This document provides guidance on what a client should do in
   different situations to help it operate properly.  From the server
   perspective, the server is free to ignore the prefix-length hints
   depending on server policy, but in cases where the server has a
   policy for considering the hint, this document provides guidance on
   how the prefix-length hint should be handled by the server in
   different situations.

2.  Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

3.  Problem Description and Proposed Solutions

3.1.  Creation of Solicit Message

   Problem:

   The Solicit message allows a client to ask servers for prefixes and
   other configuration parameters.  The client might want a different
   prefix length due to configuration changes or it might just want the
   same prefix again after reboot.  The client might also prefer a
   prefix of specific length in case the requested prefix is not
   available.  The server could decide whether to provide the client
   with the preferred prefix depending on server policy, but the client
   should be able to signal to the server its real time need.

   The servers server usually has a record of the prefix it gave to the client
   during previous interactions.  The best way to assure a completely
   new delegated prefix is to send a new IAID (Identity Association
   IDentifier) in the IA_PD. IA_PD (Identity Association for Prefix
   Delegation).  However, this would require the client device to have
   persistent storage, since rebooting the device would cause the client
   to use the original IAID in the IA_PD.

   Solution:

   When the client prefers a prefix of specific length from the server,
   the client MUST send a Solicit message using the same IAID in the
   IAPD, include the preferred prefix-length value in the "prefix-
   length" field of the IAPREFIX option, and set the "IPv6 prefix" field
   to zero.  This is an indication to the server that the client prefers
   a prefix of the specified length, regardless of what it had gotten
   before.

   When the client wants the same prefix back from the server, it MUST
   send a Solicit message using the same IAID in the IAPD, include the
   previously delegated prefix value in the "IPv6 prefix" field of the
   IAPREFIX option, and the length of the prefix in the "prefix-length"
   field.  This is an indication to the server that the client wants the
   same prefix back.

   When the client wants the same prefix back from the server, server and would
   prefer to accept a prefix of specified length in case the requested
   prefix is not available, the client MUST send a Solicit message using
   the same IAID in the IAPD, include the previously delegated prefix in
   one IAPREFIX option, and include the prefix-length hint in another
   IAPREFIX option.  There is no requirement to the order of the two
   IAPREFIX options.

3.2.  Receipt of Solicit message

   Problem:

   [RFC3633] allows a client to include a prefix-length hint in the
   Solicit message, to signal its preference to the server.  It is
   unclear about how the prefix-length hint should be handled by the
   server.  The client might want a different prefix length due to
   configuration changes or it might just want the same prefix again
   after reboot.  The server should interpret these cases differently.

   Many servers are configured to provide only prefixes of specific
   lengths to the client.  E.g.  If the client requested for a /54, and
   the server could only provide /30, /48, and /56.  How should these
   servers decide which prefix to give to the client based on the
   prefix-length hint?

   Solution:

   Upon the receipt of Solicit message, if the client included only a
   prefix-length hint in the message, the server SHOULD first check its
   prefix pool for a prefix with length matching the prefix-length hint
   value, regardless of the prefix record from previous interactions
   with the client.  If the server does not have a prefix with length
   matching the prefix-length hint value, then the server SHOULD provide
   the prefix with the shortest whose length possible which is shorter and closest to the prefix-length
   hint value.

   If the client included a specific prefix value in the Solicit
   message, the server SHOULD check its prefix pool for a prefix
   matching the requested prefix value.  If the requested prefix is not
   available in the server's prefix pool, and the client also included a
   prefix-length hint in the same IA_PD option, then the server SHOULD
   try to provide
   check its prefix pool for a prefix with length matching the prefix-length value, or prefix-
   length hint value.  If the server does not have a prefix with length
   matching the shortest prefix-length hint value, the server SHOULD provide the
   prefix whose length possible which is shorter and closest to the prefix-length hint
   value.

   If the server will not assign any prefixes to any IA_PDs in a
   subsequent Request from the client, the server MUST send an Advertise
   message to the client as described in Section 11.2 of [RFC3633].

3.3.  Receipt of Advertise Message

   Problem:

   The server might not be able to honor the prefix-length hint due to
   server policy or lack of resources in its prefix pool.  If the prefix
   length provided by the server in the Advertise message is different
   from what the client requested in the Solicit message, the question
   would be whether the client should use the provided prefix length or
   continue to ask for its preferred prefix length.  There are certain
   situations where the client could not operate properly if it used a
   prefix which whose length is different from what it requested in the
   prefix-length hint.  However, if the client ignores the Advertise
   messages, and continues to solicit for the preferred prefix length,
   the client might be stuck in the DHCP process.  Another question is
   whether the client should ignore other configuration parameters such
   as available addresses.

   Solution:

   If the client could use the prefixes included in the Advertise
   messages despite being different from the prefix-length hint, the
   client SHOULD choose the shortest prefix length which is closest to
   the prefix-length hint.  The client SHOULD continue requesting for
   the preferred prefix in the subsequent DHCPv6 messages as defined in
   section 3.4 of this document.

   If the client sent a Solicit with only IA_PDs and cannot use the
   prefixes included in the Advertise messages, it MUST ignore the
   Advertise messages and continue to send Solicit messages until it
   gets the preferred prefix.  To avoid traffic congestion, the client
   MUST send Solicit messages at defined intervals, as specified in
   [RFC7083].

   If the client also solicited for other stateful configuration options
   such as IA_NAs and the client cannot use the prefixes included in the
   Advertise messages, the client SHOULD accept the other stateful
   configuration options and continue to request for the desired IA_PD
   prefix in subsequent DHCPv6 messages as specified in [RFC7550].

3.4.  Creation of Renew/Rebind Message

   Problem:

   Servers might not be able to provide a prefix with length equal or
   shorter than the prefix-length hint.  If the client decided to use
   the prefix provided by the server despite being longer than the
   prefix-length hint, but would still prefer the prefix-length hint it
   originally requested in the Solicit message, there should be some way
   for the client to express this preference during Renew/Rebind.  E.g.
   If the client requested for a /60 but got a /64, the client should be
   able to signal to the server during Renew/Rebind that it would still
   prefer a /60.  This is to see whether the server has the prefix
   preferred by the client available in its prefix pool during Renew/
   Rebind.  [RFC3633] is not completely clear on whether the client is
   allowed to include a prefix-length hint in the Renew/Rebind message.

   Solution:

   During Renew/Rebind, if the client prefers a prefix length different
   from the prefix it is currently using, then the client SHOULD send
   the Renew/Rebind message with the same IA_PD, and include two
   IAPREFIX options, one containing the currently delegated prefix and
   the other containing the prefix-length hint.  This is to extend the
   lifetime of the prefix the client is currently using and also get the
   prefix the client prefers, and go through a graceful switch over.

   If the server is unable to provide the client with the newly
   requested prefix, but is able to extend lifetime of the old prefix,
   the client SHOULD continue using the old prefix.

3.5.  Receipt of Renew/Rebind Message

   Problem:

   The prefix preferred by the client might become available in the
   server's prefix pool during Renew/Rebind, but was unavailable during
   Solicit.  This might be due to server configuration change or because
   some other client stopped using the prefix.

   The question is whether the server should remember the prefix-length
   hint the client originally included in the Solicit message and check
   during Renew/Rebind to see if it has the prefix length the client
   preferred.  This would require the server to keep extra information
   about the client.  There is also the possibility that the client's
   preference for the prefix length might have changed during this time
   interval, so the prefix-length hint remembered by the server might
   not be what the client prefers during Renew/Rebind.

   Instead of having the server remember the prefix-length hint of the
   client, another option is for the client to include the prefix-length
   hint in the Renew/Rebind message.  The current specification is
   unclear about what the server should do if the client also included
   in the Renew/Rebind message a prefix-length hint value, and whether
   the server could provide a different prefix to the client during
   Renew/Rebind.

   Solution:

   Upon the receipt of Renew/Rebind, if the client included in the IA_PD
   both an IAPREFIX option with the delegated prefix value and an
   IAPREFIX option with a prefix-length hint value, the server SHOULD
   check to see whether it could extend the lifetime of the original
   delegated prefix and whether it has any available prefix matching the
   prefix-length hint, or as close a possible to the prefix-length hint,
   within the server's limit.

   If the server assigned the prefix included in IA_PD to the client,
   the server SHOULD do one of the following, depending on its policy:

   1.  Extend lifetime of the original delegated prefix.

   2.  Extend lifetime of the original delegated prefix and assign a new
   prefix of the requested length.

   3.  Mark the original delegated prefix as invalid by giving it 0
   lifetimes, and assign a new prefix of requested length.  This avoids
   the complexity of handling multiple delegated prefixes, but may break
   all the existing connections of the client.

   4.  Assign the original delegated prefix with 0 preferred-lifetime, a
   short
   specific non-zero valid-lifetime, valid-lifetime depending on actual requirement, and
   assign a new prefix of requested length.  This allows the client to
   finish up existing connections with the original prefix, and use the
   new prefix to establish new connections.

   5.  Do not include the original delegated prefix in the Reply
   message, and assign a new prefix of requested length.  The original
   prefix would be valid until its lifetime expires.  This avoids sudden
   renumbering on the client.

   If the server does not know the client's bindings (e.g. a different
   server receiving the message during Rebind), then the server SHOULD
   ignore the original delegated prefix, and try to assign a new prefix
   of requested length.

   It's unnecessary for the server to remember the prefix-length hint
   the client requested during Solicit.  It is possible that the
   client's preference for the prefix length might have changed during
   this time interval, so the prefix-length hint in the Renew message is
   reflecting what the client prefers at the time.

3.6.  General Recommendation

   The recommendation to address the issues discussed in this document,
   is for a client that wants (at least) to have a delegated prefix of a
   specific prefix length to always include an IAPREFIX option with just
   the prefix-length hint in addition to any IAPREFIX options it has
   included for each IA_PD in any Solicit, Request, Renew, and Rebind
   messages it sends.  While a server is free to ignore the hint,
   servers that do not choose to ignore the hint should attempt to
   assign a prefix of at least the hint length (or shorter) if one is
   available.  Whether a server favors the hint or avoiding a
   renumbering event is a matter of server policy.

4.  Security Considerations

   This document introduces no new security considerations over those
   already discussed in section 15 of RFC3633, as this document provides guidance on how the clients and servers
   interact with regard to the DHCPv6 prefix-length hint mechanism introduced hint.  Security
   considerations in DHCP are described in Section 23 of [RFC3315].
   Security considerations regarding DHCPv6 prefix delegation are
   described in RFC3633. Section 15 of [RFC3633].

5.  IANA Considerations

   This document does not include an IANA request.

6.  Contributors List  Acknowledgements

   Many thanks to Qi Sun, Bernie Volz, Ole Troan, Sunil Gandhewar,
   Marcin Siodelski. Siodelski, Ted Lemon, Roni Even, Benoit Claise, Mirja
   Kuehlewind, Kathleen Moriarty, Eric Rescorla, Alvaro Retana, Susan
   Hares, Hilarie Orman for their review and comments.

7.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC3315]  Droms, R., Ed., Bound, J., Volz, B., Lemon, T., Perkins,
              C., and M. Carney, "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
              for IPv6 (DHCPv6)", RFC 3315, DOI 10.17487/RFC3315, July
              2003, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3315>.

   [RFC3633]  Troan, O. and R. Droms, "IPv6 Prefix Options for Dynamic
              Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) version 6", RFC 3633,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3633, December 2003,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3633>.

   [RFC7083]  Droms, R., "Modification to Default Values of SOL_MAX_RT
              and INF_MAX_RT", RFC 7083, DOI 10.17487/RFC7083, November
              2013, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7083>.

   [RFC7550]  Troan, O., Volz, B., and M. Siodelski, "Issues and
              Recommendations with Multiple Stateful DHCPv6 Options",
              RFC 7550, DOI 10.17487/RFC7550, May 2015,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7550>.

Authors' Addresses

   Tianxiang Li
   Tsinghua University
   Beijing  100084
   P.R.China

   Phone: +86-18301185866
   Email: peter416733@gmail.com

   Cong Liu
   Tsinghua University
   Beijing  100084
   P.R.China

   Phone: +86-10-6278-5822
   Email: gnocuil@gmail.com

   Yong Cui
   Tsinghua University
   Beijing  100084
   P.R.China

   Phone: +86-10-6260-3059
   Email: yong@csnet1.cs.tsinghua.edu.cn